Byzantine emperor Justinian's nearly forty-year (527- 565) reign heralded extensive territorial expansion and military success.
Justinian wanted to recover the lands lost to the invaders and reconstitute the Roman Empire.
In the end, Justinian was able to take back most of the land surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, as Justinian’s armies conquered part of the former Western Roman Empire, including Italy, Dalmatia, Africa, and southern Hispania.
The land surrounding the Mediterranean sea has been the cradle for many civilizations and cultures. The Mediterranean sea was an important route for merchants and travelers of ancient times that allowed for trade and cultural exchange between emergent peoples of the region.
The geographical positions of these lands led to the development of many trade routes to other regions. Greece is only 50 miles away, across Adriatic Sea, and Africa is only 100 miles from west coast of Sicily.
Illyria's (the region where the province of Dalmatia belongs) position on the Adriatic Sea and proximity to the Italian province made it an important stop in trade with the eastern empire. Gold, iron and silver were found in adequate quantities in the region and animal hides were also exported.
Justinian’s rise to imperial power began in 527 with his appointment as co-emperor to Justin I, his uncle, who died later that same year. His sole rule was characterized by profound efforts to strengthen the empire and return the state to its former ancient glory.
To this end, Justinian drew upon administrators and counselors from outside the aristocratic class. His own modest origins, along with his selection of these court members, contributed to lasting tensions with the Byzantine nobility.
Learn more about the life of Justinian I (Justinian the Great) at www.metmuseum.org.